A common disorder affecting children is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, otherwise known as ADHD. At one time, children with ADHD were misunderstood, with some people believing that children were simply misbehaving or that they had to have suffered some form of brain damage. Over time, as doctors and researchers have come to better understand the disorder, the number of children diagnosed with the disorder has also increased. Although studies vary, according to statistics presented by the CDC, there are approximately 5.2 million children between the ages of three and seventeen who have been diagnosed with the condition in the United States. This translates into approximately 8.4 percent of children within that age group. In nearly all instances the disorder does not fade as the child ages. Instead many children with ADHD turn into adults with the condition. Learning about ADHD can help parents to recognize the warnings signs that may lead to diagnosis. Knowledge of the condition also helps loved ones to better understand and cope with the condition and how it may affect a lifetime of interactions with others.

What is ADHD?

The answer to this question is one of the first things that people should understand. It is what is known as a neurobehavioral disorder, which is a type of disorder that is associated with a CNS, or central nervous system dysfunction. People who have this disorder are often unable to stay focused and may have difficulty in controlling their behavior and impulses. Although adults may have ADHD it is primarily diagnosed during childhood, and it can be broken down into three subtypes. These are the Predominantly Inattentive, Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive, and Combined subtypes. With the predominantly inattentive subtype, the affected person becomes distracted easily and has difficulty completing work or tasks. Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive ADHD is characterized by restlessnes and an inability to sit still. With this type of ADHD the person may appear hyperactive. As the name suggests, combined ADHD is a combination of the two previous subtypes.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing ADHD involves a number of steps. These steps do not involve blood tests and cannot be determined by a physical examination alone. When a child is taken to see a doctor, his or her parents will need to answer questions regarding the type and onset of symptoms, the severity of symptoms and if there is a specific environment in which they most often appear. The doctor will review the symptoms, rule out similar conditions, and compare them to a checklist of ADHD symptoms to determine if he or she meets the American Psychiatric Association’s criteria which can be found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The child must then have six or more of the primary symptoms that are associated with the condition. In attempting to determine if an adult has ADHD, the doctors are faced with a more difficult task. In addition to a medical history dating back to childhood and a review of symptoms, the doctor will likely speak with a parent or spouse about behavior and symptoms, conduct a medical examination and attention-span testing.

Causes

There is a continuing effort to determine the exact cause of ADHD. One of the causes could be small differences that are found in the front part of the brain in people who have ADHD that non-ADHD people do not have. While researchers cannot say with one hundred percent positivity, it is believed that genetics is also major factor as parents who have ADHD often have children with the condition. Smoking, exposure to lead, and other environmental factors may also contribute to the likelihood that a person will have ADHD. During pregnancy maternal exposure to environmental toxins or to alcohol and tobacco from smoking may also result in the condition. In some instances, head injury may result in the condition, however, it is not a major cause of the disorder and only occurs in a small percentage of cases. Although it is commonly and inaccurately believed that sugar can cause ADHD, studies have found that it does not have an affect on whether a child has the disorder. Poor parenting and/or teaching also do not result in a child having the disorder.

Symptoms

Children with ADHD will display certain types of symptoms that are hard to dismiss or miss. Often children with this disorder are easy to distract and have difficulty paying attention. They may appear to be daydreaming and have trouble understanding or following instructions. They may become bored easily, have difficulty with being still, and talk excessively. Impulsivity is another symptom. People with ADHD may act without thinking, display impatience by interrupting others during activities or while talking. Their behavior may show a lack of restraint or concern for the outcome or consequences.

ADD vs. ADHD

There is often much confusion over the difference, if any between attention deficit disorder (ADD) and ADHD. In the past ADD and ADHD were both conditions that affected a person’s behavior; however, people with ADHD were also affected by hyperactivity. Currently, ADD is no longer a diagnosis. Although the term is frequently used in reference to ADHD, it has been discarded by the medical industry in favor of ADHD and its three separate subtypes for diagnosis.

• National Institute of Mental Health ADHD: What is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?
• The Ohio State University – Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: What is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Mayo Clinic: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children – Causes
• Court Appointed Special Advocates for Children (CASA) of Arizona: ADHD
• Upstate Medical University Health Sciences Library: Attention Deficit/Hyperacticity Disorder – How Does it Occur?
• Healthy Children.org – Understanding ADHD
• CDC: Facts About ADHD
• HelpGuide: ADD/ADHD Tests and Diagnosis
• WebMD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosing ADHD
• University of Michigan: ADHD and Education
• Worcester Polytechnic Institute: Symptoms – Common Differences Between ADD and ADHD

Nursing is a smart career choice for both men and women who are interested in the field of medicine. In terms of job availability and security, it is one of the most reliable careers to pursue. Because there is a shortage of people entering the field of nursing, the future outlook is also favorable. Once a person has decided to become a nurse, he or she will want to determine a specialty. There are many nursing specialties that a person can choose from depending on his or her interests, personality and career goals. Some of the common specialties involve caring for children, the mentally ill, or people who are critically ill or suffering from a trauma.

Critical Care Nursing

Critical care nursing is an intense branch of nursing in that it entails the treatment and care of patients who are suffering from critical illnesses or injury. People who are critical care nurses work in flight units, nursing homes, outpatient facilities, and can also be found in hospitals in the intensive care, telemetry, or progressive care units. Neonatal, pediatric, and adult intensive care are all sub-specialties of critical care nursing. A person who wishes to become a critical care nurse must first complete nursing school and obtain an associates of science degree in nursing or bachelor’s of science degree in nursing. He or she must then become an RN by passing the NCLEX. Once an RN, the individual must take continuing education courses according to the specifications of the hospital in which he or she works. In addition, he or she must be employed for two years in a critical care setting before applying to take the critical care nursing certification exam. Upon successful completion of the examination, the now certified critical care nurse must continue taking continuing education classes in order to stay abreast of any changes in the field and the latest technology.

Trauma Nursing

A trauma nurse is one that treats patients in emergency situations. They work in a fast-paced, intense, and often chaotic environment in which the cause of the injury or illness may not be readily known. Typically a trauma nurse works in the emergency room of a hospital, however, this type of nurse may also be found in ambulances, urgent care centers, or as flight nurses. Because they will regularly see people who are severely injured, a trauma nurse must be able to act in clear, calm, and decisive manner no matter the severity of the injury. People who do well in this type of job are people who are good at handling stressful situations, conflict, cultural and language barriers, grief and anger from patients and their families. In terms of education a trauma nurse will need to have obtained an associates of science degree in nursing or a diploma. Ideally, a bachelor’s of science degree in nursing is preferred. He or she will also need to complete the NCLEX-RN to become an RN. Following two years working as an RN in a trauma setting, a trauma nurse may wish to pursue trauma nurse certification. A nurse may be certified as a trauma nurse specialist (TNS) or as a certified emergency nurse(CEN).

Pediatric Nursing

A pediatric nurse provides care to children from the time that they are infants to adolescents. In providing care for children, this type of nurse may provide emergency aid, assist in the treatment of common childhood illnesses, immunizations and screening, or assist in various other aspects of child medical care as instructed by a physician. They also counsel families on issues such as nutrition, disease prevention and other issues that may affect child growth and development. Pediatric nurses work with pediatricians or family doctors in hospitals, family practitioners offices, critical care facilities, and even in schools. In order to become a pediatric nurse a person must successfully complete a nursing program in order to obtain a bachelor of science in nursing degree or an associate of science in nursing degree. He or she will have completed child psychology and child health courses and upon completion of the nursing program must apply for and pass the NCLEX exam to become a registered nurse. As an RN, the person may work in pediatrics and after gaining experience, he or she may also choose to seek further certification as a Certified Pediatric Nurse (CPN).

Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing

A psychiatric nurse is a nurse who aides in the treatment, assessment, examination of patients with mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. In addition to patient care they are also trained to interact with the families of mentally ill patients and to help teach them how to live with their loved one’s condition. Mental health and psychiatric nurses work in places such as mental health clinics and correctional facilities. To become a psychiatric or mental health nurse a person must be a registered nurse. He or she will need to have first obtained either a nursing diploma, an associate of science in nursing degree or a bachelor of science in nursing degree. After nursing school and successfully completing NCLEX-RN he or she may then seek employment in a psychiatric or other mental health setting.

• Trauma Nurse: How You’ll Get There
• About Critical Care Nursing
• Pediatric Nursing Certification Board – What Do Pediatric Nurses Do? Results of the Role Delineation Study in Canada and the United States (PDF)
• About Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses (PMHNs)
• Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse

Americans spend more than $50-billion per year for treatment of lower back pain. According to the National Institutes of Health, most Americans have experienced at least one day of lower back pain and eight out of ten adults will experience recurring back pain severe enough to interfere with work or normal daily activities. The good news is that most causes of back pain occur from mechanical incidents such as strains, sprains, or over use, and not serious conditions such as fractures, arthritis, or cancer. Knowing the best treatments for recovering from back injuries can have you pain free sooner and provide you the knowledge needed to lower your risk of recurring back pain in the future.

Home Care for Lower Back Pain

The common causes for lower back pain are injury to the muscles from over use, improper lifting, and twisting or sudden trauma such as slipping, or falling. Contrary to what many believe, the best treatment for upper and lower back pain is to stay as active as possible, and studies now prove that extended bed rest may actually make back pain worse and lengthen recovery time. Walking is often recommended for anyone struggling to recover from lower back pain. The key is to start slowly and build up your endurance and distance. If you smoke, consider quitting as smoking interferes with blood circulation needed for recovery and healing of injured muscle. Likewise, consider eating for recovery by making nutritious food choices. A typical diet high in sugars, starches, and fats does not supply the protein and other essential nutrients needed to repair muscle tissue. Many times lower back pain is caused by weak core muscles, exercise helps to stretch and strengthen muscles. As you exercise and strengthen overall muscle tone, your core muscles are able to provide the support needed for your back and spine. Over the counter medications can help reduce pain and inflammation. Be sure to follow instructions and not take more than the recommended dosage. If those medications are not helping relieve your pain, call your doctor for evaluation and treatment options, alternating ice and heat packs may also help reduce pain. For chronic back pain, or if your injury does not appear to be getting better after ruling out any underlying issues, your doctor may recommend a chiropractor or personal trainer for treatment or exercises designed to strengthen your back to promote a healthy recovery.

Chiropractors are Back Specialists

Although chiropractors treat a range of conditions, many of their clients come for back pain that has not responded to home treatment. After reviewing your medical history and possibly ordering x-rays or other tests, your chiropractor will discuss a course of treatment that usually involves spinal manipulation to bring your back into proper alignment. He or she may also recommend nutritional supplements, specific exercises, massages, or electrical stimulation to provide pain relief and promote recovery. Chiropractic care is based on the belief that your body has the ability to heal itself. Chiropractic medicine also understands that the entire body structure is interdependent. Chiropractic treatments are designed to balance your body systems, back, and spine to promote optimal health, strength, and healing.

Personal Trainers and Strength Training

A personal trainer with certification in advanced health and fitness from an organization such as the American Council on Exercise (ACE) can recommend a program designed to teach you a range of exercises to develop and strengthen your core and back muscles. While it is possible to begin an exercise routine at home, a personal trainer can help you identify specific exercises based on your level of injury or pain and show you how to perform those exercises with correct form. A personal trainer can also supervise your progress and is in a position to help correct unsafe exercise practices or improper form that may place you at risk for over stressing your back or other muscle groups. Always speak to any personal trainer you are considering and ask about their experience working with others that have back problems. Observe a class or training session and ask to speak to some of their clients. When seeking a personal trainer to assist you in recovering from a back injury, first consult with your doctor.

By taking responsibility to direct your recovery from a back injury safely and with the assistance of professionals such as your doctor, chiropractor, and perhaps a personal trainer, you can greatly decrease your risk of future back injury and improve your overall health and physical condition for an active lifestyle in the years ahead.

• How to Recover from a Back Injury
• Low Back Pain Fact Sheet
• Back Pain Treatments and Medications
• What is a Chiropractic or Chiropractor?
• Ace Certified Health and Fitness Specialist
• Low Back Pain and Fitness
• Exercise after a Back Injury

Stress is a common condition that affects nearly everyone to some degree on a daily basis. The amount and the nature of the stress that a person faces will vary, depending on an individual’s responsibilities, lifestyle, and overall circumstances. Both the amount of stress and one’s ability to handle it play a large part in how someone is affected. If it occurs on a regular basis, stress can prove detrimental to one’s physical and mental health. Excessive stress can also have a negative affect on other areas in one’s life, such as school, family, and work. Because of its ability to cause harm in so many different ways, it is important to learn how to both recognize and positively deal with stress.

• Stress – Lifestyle Changes
• Healthier Ways to Manage Stress (.pdf)
• Tips for Dealing with Stress (.pdf)
• Coping with Stress
• How Do I Relax (.pdf)

Stress is a mental or physical response to situations that are excessively demanding, difficult, or threatening. When a person is under stress, their body responds by releasing hormones such as cortisol and adrenalin. This causes a chain reaction of changes in the body that are meant to help the body cope with threatening situations. These changes include the tensing of muscles, a rise in blood pressure, and an increase in both heart and respiration rates In certain circumstances, these changes are positive and can help people in certain situations, such as during a life-threatening event or at times when they need to perform at maximum capacity. However, these changes are problematic when they occur on a regular basis, or when one stress factor constantly occurs after another.

Any number of daily situations can trigger feelings of stress. In college, it can be caused by anxiety over classes or a fear of failure or living away from home for the first time. Lack of free time, finances, relationships, and work may also result in heightened feelings of stress for anyone, regardless of whether they are in college or otherwise.

Symptoms of stress can develop in different ways. Physically, a person may experience headaches, an upset stomach, or feelings of fatigue when under large amounts of stress. Emotionally, it may manifest as feelings of anger or irritability, restlessness, anxiety, depression, and an inability to concentrate. When a person is under stress, it may also result in changes in his or her behavior, such as withdrawal from normal social activities, excessive eating or an inability to eat, insomnia, or even substance abuse.

• Stress Symptoms: Effects on Your Body, Feelings and Behavior
• The Physiological Effects of Stress
• What Causes Stress?
• Top Ten Common Stressors in Everyday Life
• Impact of Stress Factors on College Students Academic Performance (.pdf)

Alleviating stress is crucial in preventing its negative effects from impacting the important areas of a person’s life. In order to successfully accomplish this, a person must determine where in his or her life the stress is originating from. Once this is determined, most people will find that it isn’t always possible to entirely eliminate it. The key is to then reduce exposure to stressful situations and to learn and practice coping techniques that can help manage and reduce the stress.

There are numerous methods that can be used to alleviate stress, although which technique works best will depend on the individual person. Learning to relax is immensely beneficial in accomplishing this. Common relaxation techniques include massages, deep breathing exercises, meditation, and yoga. Aromatherapy is a method of relaxation and uses various essential oils to soothe the senses. Ylang ylang, lavender, and chamomile oil are some of the essential oils that are helpful for stress relief, and can be combined and used with other techniques such as massage or meditation.

For some people, a change in habits and lifestyle can help them to better deal with stress. This can be done by establishing a regular sleep schedule and switching to a healthy diet. Incorporating physical activities is also beneficial. During breaks, after classes or after work, some form of physical activity such as walking or riding a bike can work off stress and relieve tension. Exercise can be as little as 20 minutes a day and still reduce stress.

• Tips for Managing Stress in Your Life
• Relieve Your Stress Through Senses
• Stress Reduction: Deep Breathing Techniques
• Take Time to Unwind

People who learn to recognize, reduce, and manage the stress in their lives can reap numerous benefits for their efforts. Although it may not be possible to entirely eliminate stress, there are ways to live as close to stress-free as possible. Doing so may eliminate the risk of potential future health problems, such as high blood pressure or heart disease. A more relaxed lifestyle can also improve relationships and a person’s performance in school or at work.

Nursing journals are an excellent investment for the nursing student, nursing professional, hospitals, libraries, and academic institutes. As such writings are designed to focus on research and evidence based information, they offer a timely forum for presenting, reviewing, criticizing, and communicating about nursing issues. Nursing journals do include general publications of interest to all those working in the nursing field. A large number of publications are also designed to meet the needs of specific nursing specialties such as pediatrics. Generally, health care professionals and institutes utilize multiple journals; allowing professionals to remain informed and participate in developing standards of care, better understanding patient needs, and becoming more effective at their jobs.

Comprehensive List of Nursing Journals

• AAACN Viewpoint: The official newsletter of the American Academy of Ambulatory Care Nursing dispenses scholarly industry centric exploration on patient outcomes, geriatrics, reform, infection control, prevention, and professional development.
• African Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health: With a focus on maternity issues and women’s health development specific to the continent of Africa, this publication is a first of its kind. Clinical articles, research, debate, and country specific information make this broad publication a vital resource for midwives.
• AORN Journal: Perioperative nurses are dedicated to treating surgical patients at all treatment stages. This journal from the Association of perioperative Registered Nurses offers valuable articles and summaries related to clinical issues, patient safety, and research findings. 
• Archives of Psychiatric Nursing: With an extensive focus area, this journal covers patient education, professional competency, and concerns of those at all levels in psychiatric nursing.
• Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing: Study outcomes, comparisons of methods, and examinations identify areas in advance nursing that can benefit from improvements and modifications. 
• British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing: Readers can peruse this scholarly publication for data on neurological conditions, surgery, and care.
• Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America: Experts address issues of importance to those involved in clinical care nursing. Each issue of this quarterly publication covers one subject such as wound care, transplants, or liver failure.
• European Journal of Oncology Nursing: Cancer inquiries and issues of importance to an international nursing audience are addressed in this journal.
• Evidence-Based Nursing: If new research is relevant to nursing best practices it is likely to be covered in this quarterly journal.
• Gastrointestinal Nursing: With a focus on helping nurses build their knowledge, this UK journal reports on gastroenterology through original research and analyses. Topics covered are stoma care, Crohn’s disease, constipation, and other gastroenterology health concerns.
• Geriatric Nursing: Nurses working with older adults will find this professional publication invaluable. Some of the topics addressed by the journal have included sexuality, use of physical restraints, and Alzheimer’s disease.
• Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute & Critical Care: Review papers keep heart failure nurses current on key care and policy issues.
• Human Resources for Health: This journal offers free access online and serves to disseminate information on health workforce, which includes nurses, physicians, and other health care support workers. Work performance and increasing motivation and education are among the features included in the publication.
• Infant: A bimonthly journal devoted to providing education to neonatal and infant nursing professionals. Case reports, product reviews, and conference information are also included.
• International Emergency Nursing: A worldwide community of nurses and other professionals involved in emergency care read this journal. Perceptions, personal reflections, and experiences are presented alongside research papers.
• International Journal of Nursing Knowledge: This well-respected journal has a broad international focus. Research, health policy issues, promoting clarity in the use of standardized nursing languages are all discussed within its peer-reviewed pages. 
• International Journal of Nursing Studies: Authentic and scholarly, health care professionals will gain access to research and commentary covering highly relevant nursing studies issues such as workforce and caregiving.
• International Journal of Orthopedic Trauma Nursing: Devoted to areas affecting orthopedic and trauma nursing professionals, this journal has literary reviews and a look at the impacts of screenings and educational programs on patient care and nursing practice.
• International Nursing Review: Issues that touch nursing practice in a local area can be of importance to nurses on the other side of the globe. This journal addresses nursing advocacy, regulation, and community from a global standpoint.
• Issues in Mental Health Nursing: Mental health nurses will find research based information related to nursing care on areas such as mental illnesses and coping skills for all ages of patients.
• Journal of Addictions Nursing: Read professional commentary and all-inclusive research written by practicing nurses and other healthcare professionals involved in addictive disorders practice. Education and research reviews on alcoholism, nicotine, and drug dependencies have been covered in the journal.
• Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care: Turn to this journal for research and news on all areas of HIV/AIDS knowledge essential to health care professionals. Technology issues, religion, medical treatments, intervention, and prevention strategies are just a few of the many coverage areas. 
• Journal of Community Health Nursing: Community nurses provide care in nonhospital settings including schools and private home care. This journal addresses these nurses through looking at the barriers and issues faced by community nurses as well as expert advice for removing these hurdles. 
• Journal of Emergency Nursing: Trauma and emergency nurses, as well as emergency department managers’, will find information and article on practical strategies, training, and the continually changing roles nurses’ play.
• Journal of Neonatal Nursing: Published twice a month, this research centric journal serves to provide the latest information and educate those working with newborn infants and their families.
• Journal of Neuroscience Nursing: This knowledge based periodical is popular among nurses and other medical professionals. Issues pertinent to diagnosis, treating, and caring for patients with various health concerns are addressed.
• Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Matters related to infants, children, and their families are addressed through clinical and theory articles get attention in this periodical. 
• Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing: This nursing specialty focuses on concerns associated with patients undergoing surgery and being sedated. Topics covered in the journal including managing patient pain and anxiety and perioperative and postoperative issues.
• Journal of Professional Nursing: This journal explores professional nursing education, management, and policy.
• Journal of Vascular Nursing: Look to this journal for academic treatment and disease information on vascular diseases such as aneurysms, deep vein thrombosis, and blood clots.
• MEDSURG Nursing: Created for medical-surgical nurses, this scholarly journal addresses the challenges and advancements involved in improving patient care.
• Neonatal Network® The Journal of Neonatal Nursing: Since 1981, this journal has been helping nurses and neonatal intensive care units stay informed on changes and current issues. 
• Nursing Clinics of North America: A distinguished guest expert serves as the editor of each issue of this highly respected journal. Published 4 times a year and with online and print versions, subscribers get access to peer reviewed information on diagnostics, development, patient education, and competent care practices. 
• Nursing Education Perspectives: Nurse educators will gain valuable information on teaching, motivating, and recruiting nurses to the profession through this evidence based journal.
• Nursing Economics: Quality nursing care is often impacted by issues related to costs. A look at managerial perspectives and the impact of national health care policies and reforms gets attention in this journal for nursing leaders.
• Nurse Education Today: This leading publication features peer reviewed research and scholarly work that underscore the global impact, diversity, and collaborative nature of nursing.
• Nurse Leader: Nurses in leadership positions turn to this bimonthly journal for insightful knowledge vital to excellence in the field.  
• Nursing Outlook: With issues released twice monthly, this journal addresses the latest trends, news, and challenges concerning nursing professionals. 
• Nursing Standard: The most read nursing journal in the UK covers a gamut of material including career advice, disease assessment, book reviews, nursing student advice, and ethics.
• Nursing Times: A UK magazine providing clinical articles and research improvements and innovations in treatment practices.
• Oncology Nursing Forum: From the Oncology Nursing Society, this bimonthly journal has a reader base of over 35,000. Cancer nurses will find informative articles useful for education, practice, and quality care of cancer patients.
• Open Nursing Journal: Published online, this journal concentrates on rapidly publishing the latest findings in nursing. Case studies and health care management are just two of subjects featured in this open access publication.
• Pain Management Nursing: From the American Society for Pain Management Nursing, this publication presents professional standards, current research, and relevant issues faced by nurses.
• Pediatric Nursing: Each issue of this child health care journal covers a range of topics important to the pediatric nursing specialty including ethical issues, commentary, and the latest in research findings.
• Seminars in Oncology Nursing: A cancer nursing journal providing comprehensive coverage of the latest research and knowledge in cancer nursing.
• Teaching & Learning in Nursing: Nursing is a career which is constantly experiencing rapid change. Those involved in associate degree training for nurses will find this publication a valuable resource for education and advocacy.
• The Journal for Nurse Practitioners (JNP): A nurse practitioner (NP) is a registered nurse who has earned a graduate level degree in nursing along with training and board certification in a specialty area. These nurses can function as a patient’s primary care provider, dispense medications, and make diagnoses. JNP offers these professionals an industry prominent source of information on policies and continuing education.
• Urologic Nursing Journal: Urologic nurses turn to this journal to stay informed of the latest research developments. A free copy of the journal is available upon request. 
• Western Journal of Nursing Research: Keeping up with the latest changes in nursing study, theory, emerging technologies, and standards of care is not an easy task. Clinical research reports published by this international periodical are of interests to current nurses, students and researchers.  

Medical terminology can sometimes sound like a foreign language all of its own. It is packed with industry-specific jargon, abbreviations and formal words that are not general used in common parlance; however, these very aspects allow people in this industry to communicate more effectively and be more specific. Just like any foreign language, those training in medicine should take the time to properly study and become familiar with medical language.

In addition, they also use prefixes and/or suffixes to add extra meaning to the root word. By studying common words from foreign languages that are used in medical terminology, it can then be easier to approximate the meaning of a new word when we come across it. This can simply be done by breaking down the root and its extensions and working out what the entire word means when each of these parts are combined. The resources below are categorized to indicate online searchable medical dictionaries and other word lists, charts of medical abbreviations, and tables of medical word origins and parts.

Medical Dictionaries and Glossaries

• General Health Resources Dictionary – Use a search tool to look up any words or phrases related to health and medications.
• FreeDictionary Medical Dictionary – Search for medical terms in this online dictionary, browse through related articles, or use helpful tools, such as their dictionary browser plugins for quick searches.
• Harvard Medical Dictionary – Browse this dictionary by letter and read a brief explanation for various important medical terms.
• Medical Encyclopedia and Dictionary – In this extremely useful online resource, public users can research medical terms by letter or symptom, and read related information as well.
• 18th Century Medical Dictionary – An online edition of a 1755 medical dictionary covers words and phrases that were commonly used at that time. This resource is extremely helpful for studying medical texts and practices of the past.
• Hardin Disease Dictionary – Try a unique dictionary that supplies related images and authoritative links or suggested reading resources for further information.
• Merck Manual of Medical Terms – The Merck Manual is famed in medical circles and presents highly authoritative information. In the online edition, users can browse through a list of symptoms or medical specialty, or search for words alphabetically. 

Medical Abbreviations and Terminology

• Medical Abbreviations Glossary – Browse through an alphabetical list of common abbreviations used in medical fields, or use one of several quick search tools including drug tables and lab values.
• Medical Terminology Extensions – Learn about the main roots of medical words, as well as prefixes and suffixes to understand new terminology more easily.
• Medical Field and Educational Abbreviations (PDF) – Look through a comprehensive list of abbreviations used in the medical field and also in regards to medical education, training, and certification.
• Medical Documentation Abbreviations (PDF) – Download and print a useful and convenient chart of abbreviations used in documenting medical cases.
• Common Abbreviations in Cardiovascular Medicine (PDF) – This list of medical abbreviations focuses more on cardiovascular terminology that is used for describing a condition, and diagnosing and examining a patient.

Origin of Medical Terms

• Greek and Latin Roots – Browse by medical word roots that are derived from original Latin or Greek words and see how they are applied to medical terms in English.
• Medical Word Origins – Read about common words used in medicine and see how they originally came from other languages such as German, Old English, Latin, and French.
• Latin Origins in Medical Language – This in-depth guide does not only explain what the Latin origins in medical words mean, but it also indicates which abbreviations are used with regards to time, actions, place, amounts, and more.
• Parts of Medical Words – Read an explanation of how medical words can be broken down to separate the word roots, prefixes, and suffixes. This resource also includes a chart to indicate various prefixes and suffixes, their language origins, and how to use them.
• Etymology of Medical Terms – Read a list of common anatomy terms, and find out which language they were derived from. This list shows that many words that are commonly used today come from ancient languages such as Medieval Latin, Old French, Anglo Saxon and even Arabic.
• Greek and Latin Influence on Medical Terminology – Read how Ancient Greek and Latin medicine influenced English terminology for medical phrases centuries later.

The human body is made up of a number of different types of organs, which help us grow and stay healthy. While all of these organs are important, the nervous system—which features the brain—is one of the most important. Without our brain, our ability to walk, talk, and dress would be very difficult, if not impossible. People who are interested in learning more about the brain are should first understand its parts and the way those parts work. Knowing the responsibilities of the nervous system is also important for those who hope to learn more about this important part of the body.

Parts of the Brain

Currently, there are four individually-recognized parts of the brain. These include the cerebellum, cerebrum, brain stem, and limbic system. The biggest part of the brain is the cerebrum, and is divided into the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes. While these different parts of the brain do have their own functions, they must also work together to ensure optimal results in human health.

The Brain’s Function

Unsurprisingly, the different parts of the brain have different jobs. For example, the cerebrum is responsible for thoughts, such as reasoning, planning, emotions, problem-solving, and perceptions. The cerebellum works to maintain balance, muscle tone, and gait. The brain stem is especially important since it is important for blood pressure, respiration, and heart rate. Finally, the limbic system controls hunger, thirst, memory, fear, and emotion. These different processes must often work together.

Functions of the Nervous System

The nervous system is the series of nerve cells that send messages back and forth between different parts of the body. As with the brain, there are a number of functions of the nervous system. Specifically, the nervous system provides a lot of information about the environment, such as temperature, smell, sound, and taste. Without the assistance of the nervous system, the brain would not be able to function properly.

• Your Brain and Nervous System—Discusses the various parts of the brain and their individual function.
•  Brain and Nerves—Interactive tool for kids who want to learn more about the brain and how it works.
• How the Brain Works—Description of the different parts of the brain and describes what happens during dysfunction.
• How Does the Brain Work?—Video that helps explain how the brain works.
• The Brain—Quizzes, game, and information to help kids learn more about the brain.
• Learn About the Human Brain—Video that explains the parts and functions of the human brain.
• Brain Injury: How the Brain Works—Anatomy of the brain and their importance in health and functioning.
• The Spinal Cord and the Brain: How the Brain Works—Description for kids of the functions of the brain.
• Neuroscience for Kids—Online games and tools designed to teach kids more about the human brain.
• Parts of Your Brain, and What They Do!—Describes brain anatomy and function.
• Brain Works for Kids Quizzes—Games to provide kids with information about the anatomy and ability of the brain.
• Kids Brains at MIT—Participative studies to help kids learn more about the human brain.
• The Teen Brain: There is an Explanation!—Information specifically related to the teenage brain.
• How the Brain Learns Best—Article discussing the manner in which the brain functions.
• Nervous System—Parts of the nervous system and their individual purpose.
• Kids Biology: Nervous System—Tools to teach kids about the nervous system.
• The Nervous System for Kids –Tips for kids, teachers, and parents about the nervous system.
• IMPCL Kids’ Info Guide: Nervous System—Informational guide related to the human nervous system.
• The Human Body—Information on the nervous system and other parts of the human body.
• Mrs. Yasner’s Classroom: Nervous System—Questions to help kids learn more about the nervous system.
• About the Nervous System—Facts and information about the nervous system.
• The Human Body: Body Systems—Additional reference materials for kids who want to learn more about the nervous system and other parts of the body.

How Kids and Teens Can Keep Their Bodies Healthy

Good health is important for a happy life. When you have a healthy body, you can participate in fun activities like playing baseball, riding a bike, and swimming in the ocean. If you want to know how to keep your body healthy, you are in the right place. This page contains fascinating facts about the human body and a number of resources that will help you learn more about health.

One of the most important ways for kids to take care of their health is to practice good hygiene. We pick up germs by touching doorknobs, handrails, and other objects. It is important to wash these germs off of the hands before eating and drinking. Getting good nutrition is also important, as the body requires vitamins and minerals to function normally. Regular exercise is another good way to maintain good health. Playing tennis or walking the dog can help you stay fit and active.

Resisting peer pressure is also important for good health. When someone asks you to drink alcohol or take drugs, stand up to that person and say “no.” It is your body and you are responsible for making good decisions. No one else has a right to tell you what to do with your body. Alcohol and drugs cause serious effects, especially when consumed by children and teens. Alcohol and drug abuse can contribute to diseases and cause people to change their behavior.

Knowing how to avoid harm is also important. Do you know how to deal with strangers or stay safe online? How about getting out of a fire safely? Learning about important safety procedures can help you stay safe during natural disasters, fires, medical emergencies, and other scary situations. Having a positive attitude is also essential for a healthy life. Learning how to relieve stress is just one of the ways to keep a healthy mind.

Learn more about your health by following the links below.

Functions of the Body

• All About How the Body Works: This interactive page helps kids understand how all of the body parts work together.
• A Look Inside the Human Body Systems: This page has information about the respiratory, skeletal, digestive, and circulatory systems.
• A Virtual Tour of the Body: This interactive resource allows students to explore the brain, heart, digestive tract, and skeleton.
• Puberty: Brain Changes, Strange Changes: This article explains what happens during puberty.

Practicing Good Hygiene

• A Guide to Brushing the Teeth: This page explains how to brush the teeth properly.
• Hand Hygiene Quiz: This quiz helps students determine how much they know about hand washing.
• Fighting Germs with Hand Washing: This guide answers some of the most common questions about hand washing.
• Hygiene Tips for Controlling Body Odor: This tip sheet is for teens who want to learn how to control body odor.
• Teen Hygiene Tips: This article offers practical tips for teens who want to take charge of their hygiene.

Making Healthy Food Choices

• Nutrition Expedition Games: This page has several fun games to help kids learn about nutrition and healthy food.
• My Plate Match Game: This game is designed to help kids learn about the five food groups.
• Nutrition and Healthy Eating: This page lists the major food groups and explains how often you should eat each type of food.
• Food Science: This resource offers information about the five food groups, drinking enough fluid, and improving your diet.
• Food Activity Sheet (PDF): This activity sheet helps students ages 7 to 11 learn more about healthy foods.

Getting Fit and Healthy

• Benefits of Exercise for Children: This page explains how exercise benefits children.
• Exercise to Build Healthy Bones (PDF): This resource explains how regular exercise helps make the bones stronger.
• Exercise for Children with Arthritis and Enthesitis: This article describes several exercises that may help children with problems of the joints and tendons.
• Body Mass Index Calculator: This tool is designed to help children and teens calculate their BMIs.
• Finding a Healthy Weight: This article offers tips to help teens lose weight in a safe manner.
• Food and Weight Handbook: This resource offers articles, videos, and tools to help kids learn about nutrition and weight.

Alcohol and Drugs

• What You Should Know About Drugs and Alcohol: This resource explains the negative effects of alcohol and illicit drugs.
• Drug Abuse Resistance Education: This site has information about drug and alcohol abuse.
• Resisting Peer Pressure: This resource offers tips on resisting peer pressure to drink, take drugs, and do other harmful activities.
• The Effects of Alcohol on the Brain: This page explains what alcohol does to the brain.
• Tobacco News and Games: This resource from Kids Against Tobacco Smoke offers information about the dangers of tobacco.

All About Health

• Information About Diabetes for Teens: This resource offers information about preventing diabetes and treating diabetes if it develops.
• Fighting Obesity: This page defines obesity and explains how to prevent it.
• Information About Chickenpox: This article explains what chickenpox is and describes the treatment options.
• All About Pink Eye: This page explains the causes and symptoms of pink eye. It also lists the treatment options.
• Information About Head Lice for Kids: This site has animations, games, and information to help kids learn about head lice.
• Safety Fact Sheets: This resource offers several safety-related fact sheets that contain tips on preventing injuries.

Staying Safe

• Learn About Online Safety: This resource has activities designed to teach kids about online safety.
• Child and Stranger Safety Tips: This page contains important information about avoiding “stranger danger.”
• Home Alone Safety Tips: This resource offer tips to help kids stay safe if they are home alone.
• USFA for Kids: This page links to information about fire safety for children.
• Kids and Bicycle Safety: This page contains safe riding tips to help kids avoid bicycling accidents.
• Preventing and Stopping Bullying: This resource has information about the serious issue of bullying.

Good Mental Health

• Mental Health for Young People: This resource has links to information about mental health problems and treatment options.
• Depression Screening Test: This test is a resource intended to help people determine if they need professional help for depression.
• All About Separation Anxiety Disorder: This article lists the signs and symptoms of separation anxiety disorder. It also discusses some of the treatment options.

Did you know that a dentist, physical therapist, psychiatrist and even a veterinarian are all professions that are considered part of the healthcare industry? Is the idea of helping others in some way while earning money appealing to you? There are many different career options in the healthcare field which include both skilled and unskilled labor. The choice is yours as to whether you wish to pursue a job that requires many years of education, several years or none at all. The following career options all have excellent job outlooks.

Physical Therapist

This area of expertise is growing faster than average according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Physical therapy (also referred to as physiotherapy) requires assessing, diagnosing and treating disease or injury disabilities. You would look over the patient’s medical history and test and measure things such as: strength, balance and coordination, range of motion, motor function, muscle performance, respiration and posture. Physical therapists utilize methods such as hot and cold therapy, manipulation, massage, traction and exercise to help their patients recover from or learn to manage physical challenges. Physical therapy can be a very demanding job physically as you may have to lift patients or move heavy equipment. Standing for long periods of time, crouching, kneeling and stooping are all part of being a physical therapist. In order to become a physical therapist you need between six to nine years of schooling. You can possibly work in a hospital, a clinic or a private office that is specially equipped. Physical therapists can conduct their work in hospital rooms, schools or homes. You can choose to work part-time or full-time.

• Physical Therapists-Significant Points: The Bureau of Labor Statistics discusses the nature of the work, training and other qualifications and job outlook.
• About PT/PTA Careers: The American Physical Therapy Association provides information on who PT’s are, statistics and surveys regarding physical therapists and a video on PT careers as well as other valuable information.
• What is a Physical Therapist?: The KU Medical Center website explains exactly what a physical therapist is and how they are in demand.
• Physical Therapist-What is a Physical Therapist?: The Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital discusses what a physical therapist is.

Physical Therapy Assistant

If the area of physical therapy interests you but you don’t want to attend school for six to nine years then a physical therapy assistant could be your calling. A physical therapy assistant performs parts of physical therapy procedures and tasks but is assigned their duties by a supervising physical therapist. You would assist the physical therapist with various therapies intended to help patients improve their mobility, prevent or limit permanent damage which is physical and relieve pain. Patients could be accident victims or have a short or long-term disability of some type. This job is also physically demanding in the same manner as a physical therapist as you perform many of the same tasks such as lifting a patient. To become a physical therapy assistant you only need two years of education and can make an average of $46,000.

• What is a Physical Therapy Assistant?: The Pima Medical Institute explains what a physical therapy assistant is, the associate degree program, courses, job outlook and program length.
• Overview of Physical Therapy Assistant: The Kilgore College website provides overview information on physical therapy assistants and discusses what program graduates do, job outlook, salary and program length.
• Physical Therapy Assistant and Aide Careers, Jobs and Training Information: The Offers PTA career facts, overview, training, job qualifications and employment opportunities.

Occupational Therapist

Occupational therapists help clients to perform a variety of daily activities such as getting dressed, eating or using a computer. Typically your duties would include: creating treatment plans that increase a person’s ability to perform every day activities; conducting home and job site evaluations and recommending adaptations for the patient; training patients on recommended adaptation equipment; and providing guidance for caregivers and family members. Occupational therapists work in hospitals, schools and various other healthcare and community settings. More than one-third of all occupational therapists work part-time. Six years or more of education is typically required to become an OT. The average salary is upwards of $66,000. The job outlook for OT’s is excellent.

• Occupational Therapist Education: Website describes the career option and the job responsibilities, work environment and characteristics needed to be successful.
• About Occupational Therapy: The American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc. website discusses exactly what occupational therapy is and provides links for people seeking more on the subject.
• Career Information: The Duquesne University website explains occupational therapy as a profession and career, career growth options, job outlook and employment options as well as other things.
• What is an Occupational Therapist?: The University of Rochester Medical Center website explains what an occupational therapist is.

Occupational Therapy Aide

The assembly of equipment used during treatment and the preparation of materials are often performed by an occupational therapy aide. There are many other duties that an occupational therapy aide does such as answering phones, clerical work, ordering and restocking depleted supplies, and completing insurance forms and other paperwork. This position does not require further education and training is often conducted on the job. It is not a licensed position so you do not perform as diverse a range of tasks as occupational therapy assistants.

• Occupational Therapy Assistants and Aides: The Occupational Outlook Handbook provides significant points, nature of the work, working conditions, employment and other relevant information.
• About Occupational Therapy: An excellent PDF from the University of South Carolina that discusses the field of occupational therapy, different jobs within the field and education and career planning.
• Occupational Therapy Aide Career Information: This website explains what the job is, what they do, necessary knowledge, skills, abilities, work activities and other important issues.

Speech Language Pathologist

A speech language pathologist performs assessments, diagnoses and treats problems with speech, language, communication, voice, fluency, cognitive, swallowing and other similar disorders. They can also help to prevent these disorders. When a person has a problem making speech sounds clearly or correctly a speech pathologist can help them. Some people also have problems with the rhythm of their speech or with fluency. There are voice quality problems such as a harsh voice. People can have problems understanding language or may merely want to improve their communication skills by modifying an accent. Some people suffer from cognitive communication impairments such as attention or memory disorders. Eating and swallowing disorders caused by oral motor problems can also be aided by a speech language pathologist. Speech language pathologists can help many different people with a variety of problems. If you are considering becoming a speech language pathologist you should have good attention to detail, be able to concentrate intensely, possess the required knowledge and skills, and be able to deal with the emotional needs of patients and their families (which can be quite demanding). Most speech language pathologists work full-time but some work part-time. They work in a variety of settings such as schools, private practices and hospitals. The job requires six years of education and the average salary is about $62,000.

• Speech/Language Pathologist: The University of Chicago Medical Center website explains what a speech/language pathologist is and provides links with more information.
• What is a Speech-Language Pathologist?: The San Diego State University website offers information on what a speech-language pathologist is, work sites, entry requirements, earnings, work conditions, size of profession and future outlook.
• Career Information: The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association provides information on preparing for professions, graduate school and career entry.
• Academics-What is a Speech Language Pathologist?: The University of Redlands website discusses what a speech language pathologist is, job outlook, career information and essential functions.

Art Therapist

What is an art therapist? It is a career that is considered part of the mental health profession and utilizes the creative process of making art to help improve a patient’s well-being. This process is believed to help people to resolve conflicts, reduce stress, and manage behavior as well as other important things. The therapist can help a patient mentally, physically and emotionally through art and conversation. It is a combination of the fields of visual arts, human development and the creative process with forms of psychotherapy and counseling. It can be used with people of all ages for problems including: anxiety, mental illness, depression, substance abuse, relationship issues, and personal trauma among others. Some art therapists choose to work as part of a team with physicians, nurses, teachers, psychologists and other relevant professions. Some decide to work alone and maintain a private practice. There are many personal qualities which are necessary to become an art therapist including: flexibility, a sense of humor, keen observation skills, empathy, sensitivity, patience, emotional stability, good interpersonal skills, an understanding of artistic media, an attentive listener and possess an insight into human behavior. Six years of education are required to become and art therapist and the average salary is between $35,000 and $40,000.

• Art Therapist Overview: Explore Health Careers offers discusses what an art therapist is and does, academic requirements and resources for the profession.
• What is Art Therapy?: The Art Therapy Credentials Board, Inc. website offers a great explanation of what art therapy is.
• What is Art Therapy?: The website explains what art therapy is and what art therapists do.

Physician Assistants

Physician assistant positions are rated as one of Money magazine’s top ten best jobs in the U.S. They work under the guidance of a physician. They are formally trained to provide healthcare services recommended by the physician such as diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic. PA’s are part of a healthcare team and write down medical histories, look at and treat patients, order x-rays and laboratory tests and interpret results, make diagnoses and often prescribe medicine. Minor injuries that can be splintered, casted or sutured can be handled by PA’s. They can chart a patient’s progress, state and assist with therapy, and teach and counsel patients. They may have some managerial tasks such as supervising assistants and technicians. Sometimes they order lab and medical supplies. If a physician works in surgery they may need to stand for long amounts of time. They may need to check on patients in hospitals or make house calls and report their findings to the physician. The average salary for a physician assistant is $81,230.

• The Different Worlds of Physician Assistants and Medical Assistants: Brown College explains the difference between the two jobs.
• Physician Assistant Training Program: The Medex Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies website provides information such as what a PA is, how the profession began and the scope of the practice.
• What is a Physician Assistant?: The Department of Consumer Affairs Physician Assistant Committee answers questions such as what is a PA and what are the training requirements.

Diagnostic Medical Sonographer

If you have ever been pregnant you may have had a sonogram performed for doctors to view the baby in your womb. This is just one possible task for a diagnostic medical sonographer. Images are produced through the use of sound waves and are used in the assessment and diagnosis of a variety of medical conditions which can involve the heart, abdomen, vessels or breasts. Sonograms can be utilized in conjunction with other similar image modalities such as MRI’s, x-rays and nuclear medicine studies. Most diagnostic medical sonographers have only two years of education but some have more. Two to four years of education is recommended and the average salary is upwards of $61,000.

• What is a Diagnostic Medical Sonographer?: The San Joaquin Valley College website explains what the job is and the necessary education and training.
• So you Want to be a Sonographer?: The Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography website answers questions such as what is sonography and what does a diagnostic medical sonographer do.
• Major: Diagnostic Medical Sonography: This website offers valuable information on the career.

Registered Nurse (RN)

A career as a registered nurse has been listed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics as one of the top ten occupations that have the largest job growth. Assessment, planning and intervention utilized in the promotion of health, prevention of disease and assisting of patients to cope with their illness are vital parts of being a registered nurse. RN’s are advocates and health educators for not only patients but also their families and communities. When working directly with a patient they observe, assess and document progress and reactions which lead to the determination of necessary care and intervention. RN’s are very important members of healthcare teams. There are many different jobs RN’s can perform besides patient care and management such as developing nursing practice standards, creating quality assurance procedures and conducting clinical research. They work with physicians and other healthcare providers. There are many specialty options available to RN’s that have their own training and certification requirements such as a Labor and Delivery Staff Nurse, a Critical-Care Nurse or a School Nurse. Four Advanced Practice clinical professions are also available to RN’s but all require a master’s degree and a separate certification. These four careers include: Clinical Nurse Specialist, Nurse-Anesthetist, Nurse-Midwife and Nurse Practitioner. In order to become an RN you need three to four years of education. The average salary is around $62,000.

• Health Career-Registered Nurse (RN): The Stanford School of Medicine discusses who RN’s are, what they do, various types and what they do, responsibilities and necessary qualities.
• Nursing Career Overview: The Mayo School of Health Sciences website offers information on nursing in general followed by various levels of nursing.
• What is a Registered Nurse?: The website discusses what a registered nurse is, education and career paths.

Fifth disease is a relatively mild viral infection that tends to occur most often in conjunction with a skin rash that is triggered by some other illness. This disease most often affects children between the range of five to fifteen years of age. It is very easily spread through touch, sinus discharge, the sharing of utensils, or by coming in contact with blood of the infected person. Adults may also succumb to fifth disease if they don’t have prior immunity. Fifth disease is also colloquially known as slapped cheek syndrome, for the distinctive redness that appears on the faces of infected people.

Symptoms

Even though they may be infected, children usually take between four to fourteen days to show any symptoms of fifth disease. They are very contagious at this point. Early on, some symptoms might range from a fever, sore throat, redness of the eyes, paleness, headaches, and fatigue or weakness. This usually advances to the next stage, where a red rash spreads from the face to the torso and limbs. The rash typically lasts for several days. In some cases, it may also be itchy. Once these symptoms are well underway, the risk of contagion is minimal. People who already suffer from immune deficiencies or illnesses, such as sickle-cell disease, can experience elevated anemia. While fifth disease is considered relatively mild in most people, it is dangerous in pregnant women as it could affect the health of the fetus and even lead to miscarriage, especially in later months. Of all infected people, around twenty percent, on average, do not show any symptoms of this disease. Even so, they are still contagious and can affect others around them.

Causes

The human parvovirus B19 causes fifth disease. It is important to note that this is not to be confused with the parvovirus that infects domestic animals. Humans cannot get sick from household pets that have parvovirus and vice versa. Fifth disease tends to occur more often in the colder months and can break out quickly in schools, nurseries, children’s camps, and other settings where a large number of children are in close contact everyday. In these situations, adults such as teachers or caregivers can also be infected.

Diagnosing Fifth Disease

If you suspect fifth disease based on your child’s symptoms, it is highly advisable to consult the family’s pediatrician as soon as possible. The doctor will make a diagnosis based on a physical examination and a review of the child’s medical history. In some cases, a blood test may also be required. Make sure not to medicate the child before allowing them to be properly examined by the doctor.

Treatment

Fifth disease is a viral illness and, while there is no specific cure, there are treatments to help cope with the symptoms. Do not give your child any medication without first seeking the doctor’s advice. They will take into consideration the child’s age, medical history, progression of the illness, and any allergies to medications. A simple but effective treatment is to ensure that the child drinks plenty of fluids. This can include water, natural fruit or vegetable juice, and soups. If the doctor approves it, the child may also receive acetaminophens to bring down the fever. Keeping the child out of direct sunlight can also help prevent further inflammation of the rash. If the child suffers from anemia or similar illnesses, they may require blood transfusions at the hospital. Infected pregnant women should have an ultrasound, and perhaps a fetal blood test performed, to determine whether the fetus requires a blood transfusion or other care.

Preventing the Spread of Fifth Disease

Practicing strong hygiene habits at home and while in public places is an excellent way to stay safe from fifth disease. Teach children the importance of washing their hands properly, and not sharing their utensils at school or during play. Be vigilant to any symptoms they might display. If they show any signs of fifth disease, don’t let them attend school. It is also a good idea to talk to the school’s health department and find out about their procedures in the case of an outbreak of fifth disease. Remember that once a person has had fifth disease, they develop immunity to it, and are not likely to get it again.

• Causes and Symptoms of Fifth Disease
• An Introduction to Fifth Disease
• Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Fifth Disease
• A Quick Guide to Fifth Disease
• Fifth Disease in Fetuses and Infants
• Effects of Fifth Disease
• All About Fifth Disease
• A Fact Sheet on Fifth Disease